• All Time Highs – The stock market started the year well, rising 14.5% and ending June at an all-time high.

• Slow & Steady – One thing interesting about this market: How slow, steady, and almost boring the upward movement has been.

• Active Managers Underperform – “In the first half of 2024, according to Morningstar, only 18.2% of actively managed mutual funds and exchange-traded funds that compare themselves to the S&P 500 managed to outperform it.”

• Market Cap per Employee – Nvidia stands out in this wild chart. It looks at how much a company is worth (market capitalization) divided by how many people they employ:

• High Expectations – “The top 10 companies in the S&P 500 make up 35% of the market cap but only 23% of earnings…the problem for the S&P 500 today is not only the high concentration but also the record-high bullishness on future earnings from a small group of companies.”

• Silicon Valley Salaries are Shrinking – Despite having the highest tech salaries in the country, Silicon Valley has experienced the biggest drop in pay compared to other tech hubs, falling 15% from 2022 to 2023

• Promotion Recession – “Out of 68 million white collar workers, just 1.3% were promoted in the first quarter, the lowest rate in five years. Employers now hold more leverage, reducing the need to move employees up the ladder in order to retain them.”

• Lots of Construction Spending – As a result of the CHIPS Act, the Inflation Reduction Act, and the Infrastructure Act, construction spending on manufacturing has skyrocketed:

• Mortgage Rate Dispersion – 80% of millennials have a mortgage rate under 5%. Only 52% of Gen Z borrowers can say the same:

• Housing Prices During Recessions – Aside from 2007 – 2009, nationwide home prices have held up well during recessions:

• “Months Supply” – This measure tracks how many months it would take to sell all the homes currently on the market if no new homes were listed for sale. Recently it has moved up, indicating that the supply of homes for sale is trending up:

• Global Housing Prices – Global home prices are up 3% over the past year, and up 6.5% in America.

• American Parents Are Not OK – “American parents appear to be under more financial pressure than usual as inflation and rising childcare costs continue to bite, with less than two-thirds of American parents saying they’re doing “at least okay.”

• Inflation Categories – Where costs are rising and falling:

• The C Word – One of my favorite financial writers, Jonathan Clements, recently learned that he has terminal cancer. He has about 1 year left to live, and at age 61 his take on receiving the news is well worth reading.

• Lazy Work, Good Work – “Productive work today does not look like productive work did for most of history. If your job was to pull a lever, you were only productive if you were pulling the lever. But if your job is to create a marketing campaign, you might be productive sitting quietly with your eyes closed, thinking about design.”

“No one compares themselves [financially] to the average American. It’s who you hang out with”

Michael Batnick
Animal Spirits

As always, please reach out if you have any questions or would like to connect.

• Home Price Growth by Decade – “Through the first 50 months of the 2020s decade, U.S. home prices have risen by 47%. This already surpasses the total national appreciation witnessed throughout both the 1990s and 2010s [full] decades:”

• 1-Year Growth – Home prices have risen 6% over the last year, and hit a record high 8 months in a row.

• Expectations for Future Home Price Appreciation – Probably because home prices have done so well lately, expectations for future appreciation are at the highest level since 2007:

• Million-Dollar Cities – Also as a result of the recent appreciation, there are now 550 U.S. cities where the typical home value is $1 million or more.

• Cost of Living, by County – The most expensive county to live in: San Mateo.

• Monthly Mortgage Payment – Unfortunately, the monthly mortgage payment required to purchase the median U.S. home has doubled since 2021:

• First Time Home Buyers – Even with high interest rates and prices, first-time home buyers remain the majority of buyers, purchasing 58% of all homes.

• Home Sales Slowdown – High housing costs are having an impact on purchase activity. The number of homes that sold in April fell 1.9% as compared to March. That was the second consecutive monthly decline.

• Inflation in…Homeowner’s Insurance? – Over the past 18 months there have been enormous increases to home insurance costs.

• How to Save – Tips to save on your homeowners and auto insurance policy.

• Shelter’s Effect on Inflation – Shelter makes up more than 40% of the core Consumer Price Index (CPI). Not everyone is affected by the change in home-price affordability, or rent increases.

• Stock Markets Are on a Record-Hitting Spree Around the World – Of the 20 biggest stock markets worldwide, 14 are at or near record highs.

• Stocks in an Election Year – The stock market averages an 8.8% gain in an election year for an incumbent president.

• Stocks vs. The President – The market has trended higher during most president’s time in office:

• Utility Stocks Are Hot? – “These dullest of all stocks have suddenly become a bet on the single flashiest area of the market: artificial intelligence. AI requires a lot of computing power, and computers use a lot of electricity.

• Stock Market Trivia – Question: What was the best-performing year for the Dow Jones?

• Investing vs. Geopolitics – Speaking of investing during geopolitical challenges, here’s a chart showing how the stock market did during major events. Generally speaking, it performed well:

• Revenue Growth – Apple’s revenue fell 4% over the last year. This was the 5th negative year-over-year growth rate in the last 6 quarters.

• Stock Buybacks – From Charlie Bilello, “Apple is the undisputed king of buybacks. Over the past decade, it has bought back $625 billion in stock. That’s greater than the market capitalization of 492 companies in the S&P 500.”

“Two people who make the same income today will likely end up in distinctly different places over the years based on their approach to career and money.”

Scott Galloway
The Algebra of Wealth

As always, please reach out if you have any questions or would like to connect.

Here are a few interesting personal finance pieces from the past month:

Artificial Intelligence

• Nvidia CEO on 60 Minutes – A good interview with Jensen Huang. It highlights how AI is being applied across a number of industries. Examples include: developing proteins to fight cancer, weather prediction, and converting text into movie backdrops.

• AI Jobs Posted per 100k People – In San Jose and San Francisco, 7.5% and 3.2% of all jobs posted were in AI. Seattle is also a hot spot.

Investing

• Optimistic Investors – US investors expect their stock market to beat inflation by almost 16% per year!

• Recency Bias – The reason for this investor optimism is likely a result of exceptional recent returns.

• Predicting the Future – It’s impossible to predict the future, but its fun to try.

Inflation

• Food Inflation – Chances are you are spending more at the grocery store and at restaurants.

• Gas – Another high-profile area of spend is gas. The national average is approximately $3.60.

• The Cost to Make Money – It costs three cents to make one penny.

College Costs

• Average College Cost – If you have kids approaching college age, you might be interested in the following data points:

• • • At private, nonprofit four-year colleges about 16% of students paid full sticker price (2019-20).

• • • At in-state public colleges, about 25% of students paid the posted sticker price (2019-20).

• • • Net Price: The calculator from the US Department of Education is a helpful tool. It aims to show you the amount a student will pay in a single academic year after subtracting scholarships and grants the student receives.

• • • To dive further into specific college costs, some colleges offer merit estimators on their websites.

I hope you found these interesting.

As always, please reach out if you have any questions or would like to connect.

Summary

• Markets continued to rally in March, with the S&P 500 marking its fifth consecutive month of positive returns.

• Inflation remained higher than preferred, but overall continued in the right (downward) direction.

Market Returns

Market Overview
Stock markets performed well in March, building on prior strength.

For the quarter:

• US Stocks gained over 10%. The S&P 500 Index finished with the most record closes in a first quarter since the first three months of 1998, according to Dow Jones Market Data.

• Developed International Markets gained approximately 6%.

• Emerging Markets stocks lagged, but were still up 2.4%.

• Bonds were flat to slightly negative.

The Federal Reserve & Interest Rates

Expectations from The Federal Reserve indicate that while inflation will likely cool through the year, it may not decline be as quickly as previously anticipated. The Federal Reserve’s preferred inflation measure showed that prices rose as expected in February, putting a spotlight on whether price growth will decline enough to justify an interest rate cut by midyear.

The Federal Reserve left its key interest rate unchanged during the quarter and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) maintained its outlook for three rate cuts in 2024.

Parting Thoughts

Many major indexes hit all-time highs during the quarter. 

While all-time highs can often result in investors wondering if they have missed the gains of the market, and consider waiting for a pullback to invest further, the data shows that is unlikely to be a successful strategy.

In fact, according to J.P. Morgan, investors are just as well off – or sometimes better – by putting money to work on days that hit all-time highs vs other days.  

Chart source: J.P. Morgan Guide to the Markets. FactSet, Standard & Poor’s.

**”Invest on any day” represents average of forward returns for the entire time period whereas “Invest at a new high” represents average of rolling forward returns calculated from each new S&P 500 high for the subsequent 3-months, 6-months, 1-year, 2-year and 3-year intervals, with data starting 1/1/1988 through 12/31/2023.

Here are a few interesting personal finance pieces from the past month:

• Great Market Returns – The stock market got off to a great start this year, finishing up 10% in the first quarter. That’s the 14th-best start to the year going all the way back to 1928:

• Best-Performing Stocks year-to-date:

• Worst-Performing Stocks year-to-date:

• Tech Layoffs: Within the technology sector, 2023 was the second-biggest year of job cuts on record, with about 260,000. This is behind only the dot-com crash in 2001.

• Extreme College Costs: Some colleges now costs more than $90,000 per year. Examples include: Yale ($91k), Tufts ($96k), and Wellesley ($92k).

Taxes

• Who Pays Federal Income Tax: Since it’s tax season, it’s a good time to look at the breakdown of who pays how much federal tax (based on the latest available data from 2021):

• • The top 1% – those earning more than $682k – accounted for almost half (46%) of all federal income taxes.
  • The top 10% – those earning more than $170k – accounted for approximately 75% of all federal income taxes.

• Another Way to Look At It:  The top 10% control two-third’s of the wealth. So for them to pay about three-quarters of the taxes feels somewhat fair?

• Tax Rates over Time: It’s also interesting that the top 1% of income earners have paid a higher share of taxes over time, rising from ~33% of total taxes paid in 2001 to 45% in 2021:

• Home Insurance – Harder to Find & More Expensive: Many people are finding it difficult to find home insurance. And those that do may end up paying much more.

Real Estate

• Expensive Housing: The monthly mortgage payment on the median-priced home in America is up 80% over the past four years, from approximately $1,500/month to $2,700/month:

• Cash Purchases: About one-third of homes these days are bought with cash, likely as a result of high mortgage rates and stock markets hitting all-time-highs:

• Rent vs. Buy: If you’re considering renting versus buying a home, here is a good article on the topic.

• Credit Card Interest Rates have spiked these days (20%+). Avoid them if you can.

• Long-Term Care: If you’ve considered long-term care, already have a policy in place, or are just curious about the topic, I recommend this short article from the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.

• Affluence in America, 1949: For the econ history buffs, it’s interesting how wealthy the Midwest was in 1949:

I hope you found these interesting.

As always, please reach out if you have any questions or would like to connect.